Kupanikizika kwakukulumavavu ndi mtundu wamavavu zomwe zimatha kupirira kupsinjika ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zamadzimadzi.Pali mitundu yambiri yamavavu, kuphatikizapo zitsulomavavu, mkuwamavavu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbirimavavu, ndi ena.
Zitsulo zapamwamba kwambirimavavu ndi Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri za carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosagwira kutenthamavavu kwa mapaipi opopera a nthunzi pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri komanso pamwamba.Izi boilermavavu amathanso kukumana ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri pamene akugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso pansi pa mphamvu ya kutentha kwa mpweya wa flue ndi mpweya wa madzi.Choncho, chumamavavu amayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zopirira kwambiri, kukana kwa okosijeni wambiri, komanso kukhazikika kwadongosolo. Makalasi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa: apamwamba kwambiri a carbon structural steel grade akuphatikizapo 20G, 20MnG, ndi 25MnG. Aloyi structural zitsulo makalasi 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, etc.. Chitsulo chadzimbiri komanso chosagwira kutentha 1Cr18Ni9 ndi 1Cr18Ni11Nb high-pressuremavavu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pakuwonetsetsa kupangidwa kwamankhwala ndi makina, chitoliro chilichonse chimayenera kuyezetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi, kuphatikiza kuyesa kukulitsa ndi kuwongolera.Chitsulomavavu amaperekedwa mu kutentha kutentha.Kuphatikiza apo, pali zofunika zina za microstructure, kukula kwambewu, ndi decarburization wosanjikiza wazitsulo zomalizidwamavavu.Chitsulo chopanda msokomavavu pobowola geological ndi kuwongolera pobowola mafuta. Pofufuza momwe miyala yapansi panthaka, madzi apansi panthaka, mafuta, gasi, ndi minerals imagwirira ntchito, pobowola zitsime zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Kutulutsa mafuta ndi gasi sikungalekanitsidwe ndi zitsime zoboola.Chitsulo chopanda msokomavavu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola ndi kuyang'anira geological ndi zida zazikulu zobowola, makamaka kuphatikiza pachimake chakunjamavavu, mkatikatimavavu, matumba, kubowolamavavu, etc. Chifukwa cha zovuta kwambiri ntchito mikhalidwe ya kubowolamavavu zomwe zimayenera kulowa mu mita zikwi zingapo zakuzama kwa geological, kubowolamavavu amakumana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kupanikizika, kupindika, kugwedezeka, ndi katundu wosagwirizana, komanso kuvala matope ndi miyala.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetsemavavu ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, kuuma, kukana kuvala, ndi kulimba kwamphamvu.
Chitsulomavavu imayimiridwa ndi "DZ" (chiyambi cha mawu achi China cha geology) ndi nambala wani kuyimira zokolola zachitsulo, zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo 45MnB ndi 50Mn ya DZ45. 40Mn2 ndi 40Mn2Si ya DZ50. 40Mn2Mo ndi 40MnVB ya DZ55. 40MnMoB ya DZ60 ndi 27MnMoVB ya DZ65.Chitsulomavavu amaperekedwa mu kutentha kutentha.Chitoliro chong'ambidwa ndi mafuta: Chitoliro chopanda msoko chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kung'animamavavu, chotenthetsera kutenthamavavu, ndi mapaipi m'malo oyeretsera mafuta.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za carbon (10, 20), alloy steel (12CrMo, 15CrMo), zitsulo zosagwira kutentha (12Cr2Mo, 15Cr5Mo), ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti).Kuwonjezera pa kupeza chiphaso cha mankhwala zikuchokera ndi osiyanasiyana makina katundu, zitsulomavavu akuyeneranso kuyesedwa ngati kuthamanga kwa madzi, kuwotcha, kuphulika, komanso kuyesedwa kwapamwamba komanso kosawononga.
Chitsulomavavu amaperekedwa mu kutentha kutentha.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbirimavavu: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbirimavavu zomwe zimatenthedwa kapena kuzizira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mapaipi amafuta ndi zida zamagetsi, komanso zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pazolinga zosiyanasiyana.Kuwonjezera kuonetsetsa mankhwala zikuchokera ndi katundu makina, onse zitsulomavavu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupirira kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti apambana mayeso a hydraulic.Zosiyanasiyana zapaderazi zitsulomavavu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zomwe zatchulidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-16-2023