Umuvuduko mwinshiindanga ni Ubwoko bwaindanga ibyo birashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko kandi bikoreshwa mugutwara amazi.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwaindanga, harimo ibyumaindanga, umuringaindanga, ibyumaindanga, n'abandi.
Icyuma cyumuvuduko mwinshiindanga ni cyane cyane ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma byubaka byujuje ubuziranenge, ibyuma byubaka ibyuma, hamwe nicyuma kidashobora kwangirikaindanga kumiyoboro itekesha ibyuka munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi no hejuru.Amashanyaraziindanga Irashobora kandi kwandura okiside no kwangirika mugihe ikora mubushuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe nigikorwa c'ubushuhe bwo hejuru bwa gaze ya gaz hamwe numwuka wamazi.Kubwibyo, ibyumaindanga basabwa kugira imbaraga zo kwihangana cyane, kurwanya okiside nyinshi, no gutunganya neza. Ibyiciro byibyuma byakoreshejwe birimo: ibyiciro byiza bya karubone byubatswe mubyiciro birimo 20G, 20MnG, na 25MnG. Gukoresha ibyuma byubaka ibyiciro 15MoG, 20MoG, 12CrMoG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12CrMoVG, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, nibindi. Ibyuma byangiza kandi birwanya ubushyuhe 1Cr18Ni9 na 1Cr18Ni11Nb umuvuduko mwinshiindanga Byakoreshejwe.
Usibye kwemeza imiterere yimiti nubukanishi, buri muyoboro ugomba kwipimisha umuvuduko wamazi, harimo kwaguka no kugerageza.Icyumaindanga zitangwa mubushuhe buvuwe.Mubyongeyeho, haribisabwa bimwe na microstructure, ingano yingano, hamwe na decarburisation yicyuma cyarangiyeindanga.Icyuma kitagira ikizingaindanga kubucukuzi bwa geologiya no kugenzura gucukura peteroli. Kugirango hamenyekane imiterere yubutare bwubutaka, amazi yubutaka, peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, nubutunzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, hakoreshwa urugomero rwo gucukura amariba.Gukuramo peteroli na gaze karemano ntibishobora gutandukanywa no gucukura amariba.Icyuma kitagira ikizingaindanga ikoreshwa mu gucukura geologiya no kugenzura nibikoresho byingenzi byo gucukura, cyane cyane harimo ninyumaindanga, imbereindanga, casings, imyitozoindanga, nibindi Bitewe nuburyo bukomeye cyane bwakazi bwo gucukuraindanga ibyo bigomba kwinjira muri metero ibihumbi nuburebure bwa geologiya, imyitozoindanga bakorerwa ingaruka ziterwa no guhangayika nko guhagarika umutima, kwikanyiza, kunama, guhindagurika, hamwe n'imizigo itangana, kimwe no gukorerwa ibyondo n'ibitare.Kubwibyo, birasabwa koindanga igomba kugira imbaraga zihagije, gukomera, kwambara birwanya, hamwe ningaruka zikomeye.
Icyumaindanga bahagarariwe na "DZ" (prefix yubushinwa fonetike ya geologiya) numubare wambere ugereranya umusaruro wibyuma, Ibyiciro bikoreshwa mubyuma bikubiyemo 45MnB na 50Mn ya DZ45. 40Mn2 na 40Mn2Si ya DZ50. 40Mn2Mo na 40MnVB ya DZ55. 40MnMoB kuri DZ60 na 27MnMoVB kuri DZ65.Icyumaindanga zitangwa mubushuhe buvuwe.Umuyoboro wa peteroli: Umuyoboro udakoreshwa mu itanuraindanga, guhinduranya ubushyuheindanga, n'imiyoboro mu ruganda rutunganya peteroli.Bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone (10, 20), ibyuma bivangavanze (12CrMo, 15CrMo), ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe (12Cr2Mo, 15Cr5Mo), hamwe nicyuma (1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti).Usibye kubona icyemezo cyibigize imiti nibintu bitandukanye bya mashini, ibyumaindanga bakeneye kandi kwipimisha nkumuvuduko wamazi, gusibanganya, no gucana, kimwe nubwiza bwubuso hamwe nibizamini bitangiza.
Icyumaindanga zitangwa mubushuhe buvuwe.Ibyumaindanga: Ibyumaindanga ibyo bizunguruka cyangwa bikonje bikonje hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bitagira umwanda bikoreshwa cyane mumiyoboro ya peteroli nibikoresho bya chimique, hamwe nibice byubatswe byuma bidafite intego kubintu bitandukanye.Usibye kwemeza imiterere yimiti nibikoresho bya mashini, ibyuma byoseindanga bikoreshwa mukurwanya umuvuduko wamazi bigomba kwemeza ko batsinze ikizamini cya hydraulic.Ibyuma bitandukanye byihariyeindanga bigomba kwishingirwa hakurikijwe ibihe byagenwe.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-16-2023